Utilitarianism and Genetic Engineering - 1581 Words

Utilitarianism and Genetic Engineering In the past thirty years, humans are witnessing a huge revolution in the genetic engineering industry. Having identified most of the Human Genome, gene sequencing has become programmed and extremely fast, and laboratory techniques in molecular biology allow for in-vitro fertilization and transfer of genetic material. Gene therapy and repair based on stem cells research allows for replacement of a defected allele in the DNA, and even a whole damaged tissue in the patient. In general, it is accurate to say that genetic engineering is a controversial topic about which people tend to have strong opinions. The genetic engineering issues that mainly catch the attention of the moral community involve the†¦show more content†¦The most promising benefit of genetic engineering is gene therapy which is the medical treatment of a disease wherein the defective genes are repaired and replaced or therapeutic genes are introduced to fight the disease (4, Shandilya, 2008). Every human being inherits approximately 30000 genes at birth. These determine his or her physical and emotional attributes. Some of these genes might have mutated or become otherwise defective making the carrier predisposed to certain genetic diseases. These diseases may strike the person during his lifetime or alternatively may not do so at all. Nonetheless the person is a carrier and passes on these defective genes to his progeny. At some point, perhaps generations later when conditions are favorable, the disease will manifest itself (5, P1, Go, 2009). One of the primary objectives in genetic engineering is to identify and isolate such genes with a view to repairing them or eradicating them so that their harmful effects are negated. An alternate strategy employed is to introduce a gene that has the effect of countering or combating the defective gene (5, p2, Go, 2009). Another goal of genetic engineering is to find remedies and therapies to treat other non-genetic diseases.Show MoreRelatedJohn Stuart Mill And Utilitarianism1202 Words   |  5 Pages Furthermore, Despite Walter Glannon’s second argument against genetic enhancement for personal gain, I contend that the philosophy of John Stuart Mill and Utilitarianism can be used to show that society should will that genetic enhancement be morally acceptable if the adverse cognitive or emotional effects are outweighed by the benefits. Glannon argues that gene enhancement is morally objectionable because â€Å"there would be the unacceptable social cost of some people suffering from adverse cognitiveRead MoreA Research On Genetic Engineering1407 Words   |  6 PagesGenetic Engineering is all about genes, which are made of DNA; the chemical inside the nucleus of a cell that carries the genetic instructions for making living organisms. It is a very broad term that covers a range of techniques that allow for the artificial addition, deletion or rearrangement of sequences of bases in DNA in order to alter the observable form and function of an organism. (Science Group, 201 4). Genetic Engineering was first discovered in the 1970s when scientist discovered how toRead MoreShould New Zealand Allow Genetically Modified Food? Essay1570 Words   |  7 Pagesof molecular genetics. New ways are discovered and implemented to improve what nature has to offer, a variety of species are being genetically modified in order to produce new substances and carry out different functional roles (Ministry for the Environment, 2004). With the use of genetic engineering a gene of interest is introduced into a different species, allowing for a desired trait to be acquired in that species (Hui Culbertson, 2006). With the introduction of genetic engineering it is now possibleRead MoreGenetic Engineering : The Field Of Human Biotechnology1490 Words   |  6 PagesGenetic engineering, also called genetic modification, is a set of techniques for isolating, transforming, multiplying and recombining genes from different organisms. Simply put, it is the process of manually adding new DNA to an organism. Genetic engineering originated in the 1970s as a result of the discovery of several key techniques in molecular genetics. It is also referred to as recombinant (rDNA) technology. Genetic Engineering enables geneticists to transfer genes between species that belongRead MoreIs It Right Or Wrong? Essay1611 Words   |  7 Pages2211 December 3rd, 2016 With the world of technology making advances so quickly we sometimes forget our own limits as a mortal species. Genetic therapy has the potential to save millions of people from genetic mutations and protein deficiencies. This paper will go on to argue that the Utilitarianism approach in ethics shows all the right things about genetic therapy. The first-time gene therapy was used on a patient dates back in the 1990s when a four-year-old girl had adenosine deaminase deficiencyRead MoreGenetic Engineering Is Ethically Justified824 Words   |  4 PagesOCR AS Level Ethics Genetic engineering Example of part (b) question (b) â€Å"Genetic engineering is ethically justified.† Discuss [10] Since the development of genetic engineering in the 1970s, scholars have questioned its ethical justification, claiming that it was playing God’ and was unnatural. Others claimed that humans have always altered their environment to benefit themselves. An example is that of genetically modified crops which some people believe can be justified for a numberRead MoreGenetic Engineering : Medical Perfection Or Playing God1280 Words   |  6 PagesThesis Statement â€Å"Genetic engineering differs from cloning in key ways. Whereas cloning produces genetically exact copies of organisms, genetic engineering refers to processes in which scientists manipulate genes to create purposefully different versions of organisms—and, in some cases, entirely new living things†, duplication of genetic cells is known as human cloning. Development of genetic engineering biotechnologies undermines the natural autonomy of life. Does genetic engineering interfere withRead MoreRecent Developments In Gene Editing, Concerning The Modification1447 Words   |  6 Pagesediting, concerning the modification of embryonic cells and its’ usefulness since the discovery of iPS cells Abstract This essay addresses the question â€Å"In light of the recent developments with iPS cells, is the genetic modification of human embryos justified?†. New gene editing software CRISPR has created cheaper and more accurate modification, making the editing of an embryo a possibility. There are concerns about this advancement as it is the changing of our DNARead MoreTechnology : A World Where There Is No Afterlife1627 Words   |  7 Pageshome—enhancing the human-body experience, minimizing bodily pain, or curing cancer—paves the way for mainstream humanity to reap the benefits of the biohacking craft. Likewise, the framework of utilitarianism seeks to maximize pleasure and minimize pain for the greatest number of individuals. Utilitarianism as a framework spotlights what is ethical about biohacking. Background of Biohacking ï ¿ ¼ ï ¿ ¼Biohacking is a new phenomenon, stemming from the advent of modern technology. It is a practice that combinesRead MoreThe Case Against Perfection : Ethics And The Problems That Arise From It1175 Words   |  5 Pagesthat arise from it. These topics range from the ethics of cloning, athletes using performance enhancing drugs, and other practical uses in everyday life. Sandel’s argument is that there is value in human nature (even with all its flaws), and genetic engineering will forever change human nature. Destroying the very essence of what it is to be human and scarring humanity. The main features of human nature that will be altered: are responsibility, humility and solidarity. No more are the days of an parent

Location options for retail and service businesses Free Essays

INTRODUCTION A firm location of determines how it operates and what factors hinder or enabling the firm to operate effectively. Localization of industry is beneficial in many instances, and at the same time has its demerits. Concentration of businesses service in the same location gives firm economies of externalities. We will write a custom essay sample on Location options for retail and service businesses or any similar topic only for you Order Now These externalities come in form of backward linkages to the services from other firms, pulling a training school for manpower development and workers training. ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF LOCALIZATION OF FIRMS Advantages of Central Business District include: I. Encourage the development of supportive service centers; ІІ.   Access to high skilled labors; ІІІ. Access to operational tools and spare parts; ІV. Access to modern technology and information technology; V. Encourage development of common training centers for staffers and clients orientation. Disadvantages of locating a service firm in a business district include: I.   Increase in   competition level among service firms; II.   Increase in cost of operation due to congested industry and business district. Advantages of Neighborhood location І. Having opportunity to get feedback from customers and clients; ІІ. Easy advertisement of services to clients; ІІІ.   Personal services are easily tailored to client taste. ІV. Assess to raw material for retail stores. Disadvantages of Neighborhood location І.   Service provision are restricted to those in the neighborhood; ІІ.  High cost for introducing new technology and workforce training. Advantages of Shopping Centers and Malls location І.  One time shopping is easily carried out by customers; ІІ.  Attraction of different categories of customers are encourages   due to product and services differentiation Disadvantages of Shopping Centers and Malls location: І.   Shop lifting are easily carried out due to many differentiated products; ІІ.  Customers may be tempted to buy the wrong product due to plethora of appealing products in the   window dressing; Advantages of store near competitors: І.  Ã‚   New strategy and business idea are learn from rivals; ІІ.  Ã‚   Cost reduction are reduced due to the competition among firms; ІІІ.   Raw materials are easily accessed; ІV.  Ã‚  Innovation are encouraged due to healthy competition among firms V.     Encourage introduction of modern technology Disadvantages of store near competitors: І    Organization strategies are counterpart thereby rendering the operations ineffective; ІІ    Unhealthy competition leads to blackmailing and sabotaging activities against rivals Advantages of outlying areas І       Proper structure and market planning is encouraged; ІІ      Ã‚  Easy transportation of goods are enabled ІІІ       Easy location of service and goods to an outlet Disadvantages of outlying areas І      Few operators are encouraged in the market which results in price hike; ІІ    Customers cannot make all service shopping in one location. Advantages of Home based location: І      Backward linkage to local raw materials is encouraged; ІІ      Cheap labor and cost reduction is easily accessed; ІІІ    Local taste and culture is easily recognized and upheld   Disadvantages of Home based location І      Varieties of product and service are restricted due to local taste and wants; ІІ       Difficulty in introducing new technologies CONCLUSION The location of retail or service businesses influences how well such firm operates. The location may  Ã‚   result in the advancement of the business operations or may hinder it depending on the location and business type. It is then germane that adequate assessment is conducted to weigh the pros and cons of a place where a business would be located in order to derive maximum advantages. How to cite Location options for retail and service businesses, Essay examples

What Will Scoot Be free essay sample

Today, there are two major airline business models that characterize the world’s aviation market: the full service airlines and the low cost airlines. Both of them are playing their role well in the market, targeting different segments, also on the other hand also complementing each other. Lately, Singapore Airlines is going to launch a new no-frills low cost subsidiary airline, operating wide body aircraft on medium and long haul routes. Scoot will likely become the name of this new subsidiary, which will begin their operation on 2012. The purpose of this research is to define Scoot’s target audience and propose creative strategy to position Scoot in the market in order to fulfill market demands. This report is based on case study of low cost airlines market, travelling behavior and statistics, and some market surveys using information obtained in interviews with related respondents and public questionnaires. The results show that Scoot has a great chance to lead in low-cost airlines game market. We will write a custom essay sample on What Will Scoot Be? or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page There are many possibilities that Scoot can take and there are still a lot of unfulfilled market demands from their target audience. For those reasons, low-cost carrier business model exists and now plays the important role in aviation industry. In order to facilitate market demands, Singapore Airlines (SIA) will launch its new low-cost budget airline so called Scoot. Scoot will be using SIA retrofitted wide body Boeing 777-200s to serve medium-long haul routes. Even Scoot will be managed independently separated from SIA, it seems that Scoot will inherit the good name of SIA for their service quality and professionalism. There are some factors that may affect the triumph of Scoot, which can be lassified as internal and external factors. The internal factor is about how Scoot committees manage and operate the company. SES: Middle to high social class Income: Above SGD 2,000/month Employment: Self-employed, company worker Marital Status: Single, married Language: English (primary), Chinese, Bahasa II. Target Market Psychographic and Behavioristic Profile Social Class: E, C1, B Lifestyle: Reformer, explorer, aspirer, resigned Occasions: Leisure, small business Benefit Sought : Low cost, no-frills, reliable Usage Rate: Medium Usage Status: Non-users, potential users, regular users Loyalty Status: Soft core loyals BRS: Knowledge, conviction, purchase